VM

Ethereum Virtual Machine execution environment for Ontomir SDK

The x/vm module from Ontomir evm provides a fully compatible Ethereum Virtual Machine execution environment as a Ontomir SDK module.

For conceptual understanding of EVM architecture and design, see [EVM Architecture](/docs/evm/next/documentation/concepts/overview).

Parameters

The module parameters control EVM behavior and access policies :

Parameter

Type

Default

Description

evm_denom

string

"atest"

Token denomination for EVM transactions (18 decimals)

extra_eips

[]int64

[]

Additional EIPs to activate beyond hard fork defaults

active_static_precompiles

[]string

[]

Activated static precompile addresses

evm_channels

[]string

[]

IBC channel IDs for EVM-compatible chains

access_control

AccessControl

Permissionless

Permission policy for EVM operations

history_serve_window

uint64

8192

Historical block hash depth for EIP-2935 (v0.5.0+)

**Breaking Change in v0.5.0:** The `allow_unprotected_txs` parameter has been removed from consensus parameters. Non-EIP155 transaction acceptance is now configured per-node in `app.toml` under `[json-rpc].allow-unprotected-txs`.

Parameter Details

Defines the token used for gas and value transfers in EVM:

Must be registered in bank module
Should have 18 decimal precision
Used for all EVM operations (gas, transfers, contracts)
Example: "atest", "aevmos", "wei"

Activates additional EIPs beyond fork defaults:

EIP

Description

Gas Impact

1344

ChainID opcode

Minimal

1884

Repricing for trie-size-dependent opcodes

Increases SLOAD

2200

Structured definitions for net gas metering

Variable

2929

Gas cost for state access opcodes

Increases cold access

3198

BASEFEE opcode

Minimal

3529

Reduction in refunds

Reduces max refund

3855

PUSH0 instruction

New opcode

Controls EIP-2935 historical block hash storage depth:

Purpose: Enables smart contracts to access historical block hashes via BLOCKHASH opcode Range: Must be > 0, recommended ≤ 8192 for optimal performance Storage Impact: Higher values increase node storage requirements

Configuration Examples:

{
  "history_serve_window": 8192   // Default: full EIP-2935 compatibility
}

{
  "history_serve_window": 1024   // Performance optimized: reduced storage
}

{
  "history_serve_window": 16384  // Extended history: maximum compatibility
}

Smart Contract Usage:

contract HistoryExample {
    function getRecentBlockHash(uint256 blockNumber) public view returns (bytes32) {
        // Works for blocks within history_serve_window range
        return blockhash(blockNumber);
    }
}

Granular control over contract operations:

type AccessControl struct {
    Create AccessControlType  // Contract deployment
    Call   AccessControlType  // Contract execution
}

Access Types:

PERMISSIONLESS: Open access, list = blacklist
RESTRICTED: No access, list ignored
PERMISSIONED: Limited access, list = whitelist

Configuration Profiles

```json { "evm_denom": "atest", "extra_eips": [3855], "active_static_precompiles": [ "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000100", "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000400" ], "evm_channels": [], "access_control": { "create": {"access_type": "PERMISSIONLESS", "access_control_list": []}, "call": {"access_type": "PERMISSIONLESS", "access_control_list": []} }, "history_serve_window": 8192 } ``` ```json { "evm_denom": "atoken", "extra_eips": [], "active_static_precompiles": [ "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000804" ], "evm_channels": [], "access_control": { "create": { "access_type": "PERMISSIONED", "access_control_list": ["0x1234...", "0xABCD..."] }, "call": {"access_type": "PERMISSIONLESS", "access_control_list": []} }, "history_serve_window": 4096 } ``` ```json { "evm_denom": "asecure", "extra_eips": [], "active_static_precompiles": [], "evm_channels": [], "access_control": { "create": {"access_type": "RESTRICTED", "access_control_list": []}, "call": { "access_type": "PERMISSIONED", "access_control_list": ["0xTrustedContract"] } }, "history_serve_window": 1024 } ```

Chain Configuration

Hard fork activation schedule :

Fork

Default

Type

Opcodes/Features Added

homestead_block

Block

DELEGATECALL

byzantium_block

Block

REVERT, RETURNDATASIZE, STATICCALL

constantinople_block

Block

CREATE2, EXTCODEHASH, SHL/SHR/SAR

istanbul_block

Block

CHAINID, SELFBALANCE

berlin_block

Block

Access lists (EIP-2929, 2930)

london_block

Block

BASEFEE, EIP-1559

shanghai_time

Timestamp

PUSH0

cancun_time

Timestamp

Transient storage, blob transactions

prague_time

nil

Timestamp

TBD

verkle_time

nil

Timestamp

Verkle trees

Static Precompiles

Precompiled contracts at fixed addresses :

Address

Contract

Gas Cost

Description

0x0000...0100

P256

3000

P256 curve verification

0x0000...0400

Bech32

5000

Bech32 address encoding

0x0000...0800

Staking

Variable

Delegation operations

0x0000...0801

Distribution

Variable

Reward claims

0x0000...0802

ICS20

Variable

IBC transfers

0x0000...0803

Vesting

Variable

Vesting account ops

0x0000...0804

Bank

Variable

Token transfers

0x0000...0805

Gov

Variable

Governance voting

0x0000...0806

Slashing

Variable

Validator slashing info

Activation

# Via genesis
{
  "active_static_precompiles": [
    "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000804",
    "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000800"
  ]
}

# Via governance proposal
evmd tx gov submit-proposal update-params-proposal.json

Messages

MsgEthereumTx

Primary message for EVM transactions :

message MsgEthereumTx {
  google.protobuf.Any data = 1;  // Transaction data (Legacy/AccessList/DynamicFee)
  string hash = 3;                // Transaction hash
  string from = 4;                // Sender address (derived from signature)
}

Validation Requirements:

Valid signature matching from address
Sufficient balance for gas + value
Correct nonce (account sequence)
Gas limit ≥ intrinsic gas

MsgUpdateParams

Governance message for parameter updates:

message MsgUpdateParams {
  string authority = 1;  // Must be governance module
  Params params = 2;     // New parameters
}

State

Persistent State

Key Prefix

Description

Value Type

0x01

Parameters

Params

0x02

Contract code

[]byte

0x03

Contract storage

[32]byte

Transient State

Key Prefix

Description

Value Type

Lifetime

0x01

Transaction logs

[]Log

Per block

0x02

Block bloom

[256]byte

Per block

0x03

Tx index

uint64

Per block

0x04

Log size

uint64

Per block

0x05

Gas used

uint64

Per tx

Events

Transaction Events

Event

Attributes

When Emitted

ethereum_tx

amount, recipient, contract, txHash, txIndex, txGasUsed

Every EVM transaction

tx_log

txLog (JSON)

When contracts emit events

message

sender, action="ethereum", module="evm"

Every message

Block Events

Event

Attributes

When Emitted

block_bloom

bloom (hex)

End of each block with EVM txs

Queries

gRPC

```protobuf service Query { // Account queries rpc Account(QueryAccountRequest) returns (QueryAccountResponse); rpc OntomirAccount(QueryOntomirAccountRequest) returns (QueryOntomirAccountResponse); rpc ValidatorAccount(QueryValidatorAccountRequest) returns (QueryValidatorAccountResponse);

// State queries
rpc Balance(QueryBalanceRequest) returns (QueryBalanceResponse);
rpc Storage(QueryStorageRequest) returns (QueryStorageResponse);
rpc Code(QueryCodeRequest) returns (QueryCodeResponse);

// Module queries
rpc Params(QueryParamsRequest) returns (QueryParamsResponse);
rpc Config(QueryConfigRequest) returns (QueryConfigResponse);

// EVM operations
rpc EthCall(EthCallRequest) returns (MsgEthereumTxResponse);
rpc EstimateGas(EthCallRequest) returns (EstimateGasResponse);

// Debugging
rpc TraceTx(QueryTraceTxRequest) returns (QueryTraceTxResponse);
rpc TraceBlock(QueryTraceBlockRequest) returns (QueryTraceBlockResponse);

// Fee queries
rpc BaseFee(QueryBaseFeeRequest) returns (QueryBaseFeeResponse);
rpc GlobalMinGasPrice(QueryGlobalMinGasPriceRequest) returns (QueryGlobalMinGasPriceResponse);

}

</Expandable>

### CLI

<CodeGroup>
```bash Query-Account
# Query EVM account
evmd query vm account 0x742d35Cc6634C0532925a3b844Bc9e7595f0bEb0

# Query Ontomir address
evmd query vm Ontomir-account 0x742d35Cc6634C0532925a3b844Bc9e7595f0bEb0

# Query balance
evmd query vm balance 0x742d35Cc6634C0532925a3b844Bc9e7595f0bEb0

# Query storage slot
evmd query vm storage 0xContractAddress 0xStorageKey

# Query contract code
evmd query vm code 0xContractAddress

# Query module parameters
evmd query vm params

# Query EVM config
evmd query vm config

# Trace transaction
evmd query vm trace-tx 0xTxHash

# Trace block
evmd query vm trace-block 12345

JSON-RPC

Supported Methods

| Method | Description | | --------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------- | | `eth_accounts` | List accounts | | `eth_blockNumber` | Current block number | | `eth_call` | Execute call without tx | | `eth_chainId` | Get chain ID | | `eth_createAccessList` | Generate access list for tx optimization (v0.5.0+) | | `eth_estimateGas` | Estimate gas usage (optimized in v0.5.0+) | | `eth_gasPrice` | Current gas price | | `eth_getBalance` | Get account balance | | `eth_getBlockByHash` | Get block by hash | | `eth_getBlockByNumber` | Get block by number | | `eth_getCode` | Get contract code | | `eth_getLogs` | Get filtered logs | | `eth_getStorageAt` | Get storage value | | `eth_getTransactionByHash` | Get tx by hash | | `eth_getTransactionCount` | Get account nonce | | `eth_getTransactionReceipt` | Get tx receipt (enhanced with max\_used\_gas in v0.5.0+) | | `eth_sendRawTransaction` | Submit signed tx | | `eth_syncing` | Sync status | | Method | Description | | -------------------- | --------------- | | `web3_clientVersion` | Client version | | `web3_sha3` | Keccak-256 hash | | Method | Description | | --------------- | -------------------------- | | `net_version` | Network ID | | `net_listening` | Node accepting connections | | `net_peerCount` | Number of peers | | Method | Description | | -------------------------- | ---------------------------- | | `debug_traceTransaction` | Detailed tx trace | | `debug_traceBlockByNumber` | Trace all txs in block | | `debug_traceBlockByHash` | Trace all txs by hash | | `debug_getBadBlocks` | Get invalid blocks | | `debug_storageRangeAt` | Get storage range | | `debug_intermediateRoots` | Get intermediate state roots |

Hooks

Post-transaction processing interface :

type EvmHooks interface {
    PostTxProcessing(
        ctx sdk.Context,
        msg core.Message,
        receipt *ethtypes.Receipt,
    ) error
}

Registration

// In app.go
app.EvmKeeper = app.EvmKeeper.SetHooks(
    vmkeeper.NewMultiEvmHooks(
        app.Erc20Keeper.Hooks(),
        app.CustomKeeper.Hooks(),
    ),
)

Use Cases

Process EVM events in Ontomir modules
Bridge EVM logs to Ontomir events
Trigger native module actions from contracts
Custom indexing and monitoring

Gas Configuration

Gas Consumption Mapping

Operation

EVM Gas

Ontomir Gas

Notes

Basic ops

3-5

1:1 mapping

SLOAD

2100

Cold access

SSTORE

20000

New value

CREATE

32000

Contract deploy

Precompile

Variable

Set per precompile

Gas Refunds

Maximum refund: 50% of gas used (after London)

refund = min(gasUsed/2, gasRefund)
finalGasUsed = gasUsed - refund

Best Practices

Chain Integration

Precompile Selection
- Only enable necessary precompiles
- Test gas costs in development
- Monitor usage patterns
Access Control
- Start restrictive, open gradually
- Use governance for changes
- Monitor blacklist/whitelist events

Fork Planning

{
  "shanghai_time": "1681338455",  // Test first
  "cancun_time": "1710338455"     // Delay for safety
}

Contract Development

Gas Optimization

// Cache storage reads
uint256 cached = storageVar;
// Use cached instead of storageVar

// Pack structs
struct Packed {
    uint128 a;
    uint128 b;  // Single slot
}

Precompile Usage

IBank bank = IBank(0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000804);
uint256 balance = bank.balances(msg.sender, "atest");

dApp Integration

Provider Setup

const provider = new ethers.JsonRpcProvider(
    "http://localhost:8545",
    { chainId: 9000, name: "evmos" }
);

Error Handling

try {
    await contract.method();
} catch (error) {
    if (error.code === 'CALL_EXCEPTION') {
        // Handle revert
    }
}

Troubleshooting

Common Issues

Issue

Cause

Solution

"out of gas"

Insufficient gas limit

Increase gas limit or optimize contract

"nonce too low"

Stale nonce

Query current nonce, retry

"insufficient funds"

Low balance

Ensure balance > value + (gasLimit × gasPrice)

"contract creation failed"

CREATE disabled or restricted

Check access_control settings

"precompile not active"

Precompile not in active list

Enable via governance

Debug Commands

# Check EVM parameters
evmd query vm params

# Trace failed transaction
evmd query vm trace-tx 0xFailedTxHash

# Check account state
evmd query vm account 0xAddress

References

Source Code

EVM Architecture - Conceptual overview
Fee Market Module - EIP-1559 implementation
ERC20 Module - Token conversions

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Parameters

Parameter Details

Configuration Profiles

Chain Configuration

Static Precompiles

Activation

Messages

MsgEthereumTx

MsgUpdateParams

State

Persistent State

Transient State

Events

Transaction Events

Block Events

Queries

gRPC

JSON-RPC

Supported Methods

Hooks

Registration

Use Cases

Gas Configuration

Gas Consumption Mapping

Gas Refunds

Best Practices

Chain Integration

Contract Development

dApp Integration

Troubleshooting

Common Issues

Debug Commands

References

Source Code